Principle ⓘ

• • Designers need to strive to ensure that all materials and energy inputs and outputs are as inherently nonhazardous as possible
• • Separation and purification operations should be designed to minimize energy consumption and materials use
• • Products, processes, and systems should be "output pulled" rather than "input pushed" through the use of energy and materials
• • Material diversity in multicomponent products should be minimized to promote disassembly and value retention
• • Design of products, processes, and systems must include integration and interconnectivity with available energy and materials flows
• • Products, processes, and systems should be designed for performance in a commercial "afterlife"